The MAR test detects antibodies directed against a man’s own sperm. These antibodies may bind to the surface of sperm and negatively affect their motility and ability to fertilise an egg. The examination can help identify an immunological cause of male infertility that may not be apparent in a routine semen analysis.
The MAR test (Mixed Antiglobulin Reaction test) is a laboratory examination used to detect antibodies bound to the surface of sperm. These are known as antisperm antibodies (IgA, IgG), which the immune system produces against a man’s own sperm.
Under normal circumstances, sperm are protected from the immune system. If this protective barrier is disrupted, for example due to inflammation, infection, injury or surgery involving the reproductive organs, the immune system may begin to recognise sperm as foreign and produce antibodies against them.
The antibodies may bind to different parts of the sperm and affect its movement and other functions important for fertilisation. The MAR test therefore helps identify an immunological factor that may reduce male fertility.
The MAR test examines whether autoantibodies are bound to the surface of motile sperm. Special particles and reagents are added to the semen sample to make it possible to identify sperm carrying bound antibodies.
Microscopic examination then assesses the proportion of motile sperm with antibodies present on their surface. The result is expressed as a percentage and helps determine the extent to which these antibodies may affect male fertility.
The MAR test is performed on a fresh semen sample and can be carried out together with a basic semen analysis. Approximately two days of sexual abstinence are recommended before sample collection.
For the test to be performed reliably, the sample must contain a sufficient number of motile sperm. If their count or motility is significantly reduced, it may not be possible to evaluate the MAR test reliably.
The examination is particularly suitable for couples who have been unable to achieve pregnancy for a longer period and whose routine examinations, including a basic semen analysis, have not identified a clear cause.
The MAR test may also be recommended when sperm agglutination is found in the semen analysis or when the presence of antisperm antibodies is suspected.
If the MAR test confirms a significant level of antibodies bound to sperm, assisted fertilisation using ICSI is recommended. During this procedure, the embryologist injects a selected sperm directly into the egg, thereby overcoming the immunological barrier that prevents the sperm from fertilising the egg naturally.
Hlinky 144, 603 00 Brno, CZ
Hlinky 144, 603 00 Brno, CZ
