CD 138 test and chronic endometritis

When Inflammation of the Uterine Lining Prevents Pregnancy

CD 138 (syndecan-1) is a protein found on the surface of plasma cells. Its presence in the uterine lining is a key indicator of so-called chronic endometritis – a long-term, often asymptomatic inflammation of the endometrium that may reduce the chance of embryo implantation and increase the risk of early miscarriage.

CD 138 testing significantly helps in diagnosing the causes of repeated unsuccessful embryo transfers, miscarriages or unexplained infertility.

When we recommend the test

repeated unsuccessful embryo transfers of good-quality embryos
recurrent miscarriages before the 12th week of pregnancy
unexplained infertility lasting longer than 12 months
irregular spotting or bleeding outside the cycle
suspected chronic inflammation of the uterus

How the test is performed

The test is performed on an outpatient basis and takes only a few minutes.

Sample collection - The doctor uses a gentle catheter to collect a small sample of the uterine lining (endometrium). The procedure is quick and does not require anaesthesia.

Laboratory processing - The collected tissue is stained with an antibody against CD 138, which makes plasma cells more visible under the microscope.

Evaluation by a pathologist - The pathologist counts the number of CD 138-positive cells and determines whether chronic endometritis is present.

Treatment of chronic endometritis

If the diagnosis is confirmed, treatment usually includes:

antibiotic therapy
support of the vaginal microbiome (probiotics, gentle hygiene)
if needed, a follow-up sample collection after treatment

Frequently asked questions

What exactly does CD 138 mean?

CD 138 is a surface protein found on plasma cells. Its increased presence in the uterine lining indicates chronic inflammation – endometritis.

How does chronic endometritis affect fertility?

Inflammation disrupts the environment of the uterine lining and may prevent proper embryo implantation or cause early miscarriages.

Is sample collection painful?

The procedure is gentle and performed on an outpatient basis without the need for anaesthesia. Most women experience only mild pressure discomfort.

What happens if the result is positive and endometritis is confirmed?

The doctor will recommend targeted antibiotic treatment, followed by a follow-up examination to confirm that the inflammation has been treated.

Does treatment improve the chance of pregnancy?

Research confirms that if chronic inflammation of the endometrium is successfully treated, implantation success increases and the risk of early miscarriage decreases.